real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR is a cell molecular biology technology, which adds a fluorescent group that can specifically bind to the DNA product in the PCR reaction system, and realizes the real-time monitoring and quantification of the PCR reaction by real-time monitoring the accumulation of fluorescent signals in the reaction. This technology is mainly used in a variety of cell analysis, such as gene expression analysis, fragment analysis, mutation analysis and so on. Methods commonly used in qPCR detection include dye method and TaqMan probe method, which can be used to quantitatively or qualitatively determine the background expression of each sample.
Technical principle
Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR) is a cell molecular biology technology with innovative thinking. It introduces fluorescent groups that specifically bind to DNA products into the PCR reaction system, and uses the real-time accumulation of fluorescent signals to monitor the entire PCR reaction process. Finally, through relative or absolute quantification, we can determine the gene expression level or other molecular indicators of different samples. In qPCR detection, two commonly used methods are dye method and TaqMan probe method. The core of the TaqMan probe method is the probe molecule, which is usually a single strand of DNA. The 5 'end of the probe molecule is attached to a luminescent group and the 3' end is attached to a quencher group. When the probe molecule is intact and not hydrolyzed, we cannot detect the fluorescent signal from the luminescent group because the quenching group will absorb the fluorescence and extinguish it. When the PCR reaction begins, the template strand undergoes thermal denaturation to melt, forming a single strand, the TaqMan probe preferentially anneals to the template strand, and then the primer will subsequently anneal to the template, and the PCR reaction will undergo strand extension. In the process of extension, Taq enzyme will play a 5 '-3' exonuclease activity, and when it encounters a probe, it will cut the probe base one by one, so that the luminescent group and the quenching group are separated, and the fluorescence detection system can receive the fluorescence signal. Whenever a DNA strand is amplified, a fluorescent molecule is formed, and the accumulation of the fluorescent signal is synchronized with the formation of the PCR product. The specificity of the TaqMan probe method is not only provided by the primer, but also guaranteed by the probe molecule. Due to the higher annealing temperature of TaqMan probe, this method has better specificity. Multiple probes can be added to a reaction system to detect multiple genes at the same time.
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